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<title>Encaustic tile</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Encaustic tile</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the painting method, see <a href="Encaustic_painting" title="Encaustic painting">Encaustic painting</a>.</div>

<p><b>Encaustic</b> or <b>inlaid tiles</b> are <a href="Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramic</a> <a href="Tile" title="Tile">tiles</a> in which the pattern or figure on the surface is not a product of the <a href="Ceramic_glaze" title="Ceramic glaze">glaze</a> but of different colors of <a href="Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>. They are usually of two colours but a tile may be composed of as many as six. The pattern appears inlaid into the body of the tile, so that the design remains as the tile is worn down. Encaustic tiles may be glazed or unglazed and the inlay may be as shallow as <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">

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</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> inch (3 mm), as is often the case with "printed" encaustic tile from the later <a href="Medieval_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval period">medieval period</a>, or as deep as <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in (6.4 mm).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The tiles known as 'encaustic tiles' in the <a href="Victorian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Victorian period">Victorian period</a> were, in the <a href="Medieval_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval period">medieval period</a>, known as 'inlaid tiles'. The use of the word <i>encaustic</i> to describe an inlaid tile of two or more colors is linguistically incorrect. The word <i>encaustic</i>, from the <a href="Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">ἐγκαυστικός</span>, means 'burning in', from <span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐν</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">en</i></span>, 'in', and <span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">καίειν</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">kaiein</i></span>, 'to burn'.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The term <i>encaustic</i> originally described a process of painting with a <a href="Beeswax" title="Beeswax">beeswax</a>-based paint that was then fixed with heat.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also applied to a process of medieval enameling. The term did not come into use when describing tile until the 19th century; supposedly, Victorians thought that the two colour tiles strongly resembled enamel work and so called them encaustic. Despite the error, the term has now been in common use for so long that it is an accepted name for inlaid tile work.

</p><p>Encaustic or inlaid tiles enjoyed two periods of great popularity. The first came in the 13th century and lasted until the <a href="English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a> under <a href="Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII of England</a> in the 16th century, which eschewed and removed much medieval church decoration along with the policy of the <a href="Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">dissolution of the monasteries</a>.

</p><p>The second period of popularity came when the tiles caught the attention of craftsmen during the <a href="Gothic_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Revival">Gothic Revival</a> era, who, after much trial and error, mass-produced encaustic tiles, and made them available to the general public. During both periods, tiles were made across Western Europe, though the centre of tile production was in <a href="England" title="England">England</a>. Companies in the <a href="United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States</a> also made encaustic tile during the <a href="Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic Revival architecture</a> style's period. The <a href="American_Encaustic_Tiling_Company" title="American Encaustic Tiling Company">American Encaustic Tiling Company</a> of <a href="Zanesville%2C_Ohio" title="Zanesville, Ohio">Zanesville</a>, Ohio, was active until 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-tileheritage_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tileheritage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in the 1930s, encaustic tiling began to lose ground to more affordable <a href="Glass_tile" title="Glass tile">glass</a> and vitreous glass tiles.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacture">Manufacture</h2></div>

<p>Modern encaustic tiles use a two-shot moulding process. The 'inlay' colour is moulded first. For multiple colours, a mould with cavities for each colour is used and the individual colours are filled carefully. This coloured clay is then placed face-down in a mould that is backfilled with the body colour. The tiles are then fired.

</p><p>The manufacture of encaustic clay tiles may be seen today at the <a href="Jackfield_Tile_Museum" title="Jackfield Tile Museum">Jackfield Tile Museum</a>, one of the <a href="Ironbridge_Gorge" title="Ironbridge Gorge">Ironbridge Gorge</a> museums.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>In both the Middle Ages and in the 19th and 20th century <a href="Gothic_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Revival">Gothic Revival</a>, tiles were most often made for and laid in churches. Even tiles that were laid in private homes were often copies of those found in religious settings.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Encaustic tile floors exist all over Europe and North America, but are most prevalent in England where the greatest numbers of inlaid tiles were made.

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<ul><li><a href="American_Encaustic_Tiling_Company" title="American Encaustic Tiling Company">American Encaustic Tiling Company</a></li>

<li><a href="Cement_tile" title="Cement tile">Cement tile</a></li>

<li><a href="Jackfield_Tile_Museum" title="Jackfield Tile Museum">Jackfield Tile Museum</a> – Museum of ceramic tile making, part of the Ironbridge Gorge</li>

<li><i><a href="Panot" title="Panot">Panot</a></i></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/encaustic">"Encaustic – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary"</a>. <i>merriam-webster.com</i>. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150812081942/http://www.encaustic.co/">"what is encaustic ? encaustic.co – home page"</a>. <i>encaustic.co</i>. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encaustic.co/">the original</a> on 12 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-tileheritage-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tileheritage_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tileheritage.org/THF-TileoftheMonth-Apr-04.html">"tileheritage.org"</a>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ironbridge.org.uk/our-attractions/jackfield-tile-museum/">"Jackfield Tile Museum"</a>. <a href="Ironbridge_Gorge_Museum_Trust" title="Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust">Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/informguide-ceramicfloor.pdf">"Inform Guide – Ceramic Tiled Flooring – informguide-ceramicfloor.pdf"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>pdf.js</i>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Loyd_Haberly" title="Loyd Haberly">Haberly, Loyd</a> (1037). <i>Mediaeval English Pavingtiles</i>.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Encaustic_tiles" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Encaustic tiles">Encaustic tiles</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-01-13" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Encaustic_tile&oldid=1269288433">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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